What Is Genicular Artery Embolization?
Genicular artery embolization, commonly referred to as GAE, is a minimally invasive interventional radiology treatment for knee osteoarthritis. Knee osteoarthritis, also known as degenerative arthritis, develops as cartilage within the knee joint gradually wears down, leading to inflammation, stiffness, and chronic pain.
In addition to cartilage loss, chronic inflammation plays a major role in knee osteoarthritis. Many patients with knee OA develop abnormal blood vessels within the joint capsule, which contribute to ongoing inflammation and pain. Genicular artery embolization targets these abnormal vessels.
During GAE, an interventional radiologist inserts a thin catheter into an artery in the upper thigh. Using real-time X-ray imaging, the catheter is guided to the genicular arteries, which are small arteries that supply the knee joint. Tiny particles called microspheres are then released to block abnormal blood flow. By reducing blood flow to inflamed areas of the knee, inflammation and pain are decreased.
Although reducing blood flow may seem counterintuitive, it specifically targets abnormal vessels associated with inflammation while preserving normal circulation.
Benefits of Genicular Artery Embolization
Minimally invasive treatment
GAE is a nonsurgical procedure that does not involve large incisions, bone removal, or general anesthesia.
Outpatient procedure
Patients typically go home the same day without the need for an overnight hospital stay.
Short procedure and recovery time
The procedure usually takes between 45 and 90 minutes, and most patients resume normal activities within a few days.
Long-lasting pain relief
Clinical studies show significant pain reduction for several months, with some patients experiencing relief for one year or longer.
Lower risk profile
Compared to open surgery, GAE carries fewer risks and fewer side effects, especially when compared to long-term medication use.
FAQ
1. Is genicular artery embolization safe?
Current research shows that genicular artery embolization is a safe procedure. Compared to open surgery, it carries a lower risk of bleeding, infection, and anesthesia-related complications. When side effects do occur, they are usually mild and may include temporary discomfort at the access site or bruising.