What Is an AV Fistulogram?
An AV fistulogram, also known as a dialysis fistulogram, is a specialized X-ray procedure used to evaluate blood flow in and around a dialysis access, such as an arteriovenous fistula or graft. The test helps identify abnormalities that may interfere with effective hemodialysis and lead to complications.
Common issues detected by an AV fistulogram
- Narrowing of the blood vessel, known as stenosis
- Complete or partial blockage, known as occlusion
- Abnormal enlargement of the access
If any of these problems are identified, your physician may perform a treatment during the same session or schedule it for a later time. Possible interventions include angioplasty, stent placement, thrombolysis, or thrombectomy.
An AV fistulogram is a minimally invasive procedure typically performed under local anesthesia in an interventional radiology suite. Thin catheters, contrast dye, and X-ray image guidance are used to visualize the dialysis access. The procedure usually takes two to three hours to complete, and most patients are able to return to their normal activities the following day.
Types of Fibroids
Intramural Fibroids
Common type, grow within the muscular wall of the uterus, causing uterine enlargement.
Subserosal Fibroids
Create a bulge and pressure on surrounding organs on the uterus’s outer surface.
Submucosal Fibroids
Develop beneath the inner lining, protruding into the uterine cavity, leading to heavy menstrual bleeding.
Pedunculated Fibroids
Grow on a stalk inside or outside the uterus, causing symptoms based on location.
Symptoms of Uterine Fibroids
Menstrual Irregularities
Weighty and prolonged periods, longer or more frequent menstrual cycles, pelvic pressure or pain during periods.
Urinary and Digestive Issues
Frequent urination, difficulty emptying the bladder, constipation
Abdominal Changes
Growing stomach area
Pain and Discomfort
Pain in the stomach area or lower back, discomfort during sexual intercourse.
Serious Complications (Rare)
Sudden, severe pain if fibroids outgrow their blood supply and begin to die.
Benefits of an AV Fistulogram
An AV fistulogram is a safe and effective method for diagnosing and treating common dialysis access problems. Key benefits include:
- Minimally invasive alternative to surgical evaluation
- Few and typically mild side effects
- Real-time imaging that allows immediate diagnosis and treatment
- Clear visualization of dialysis access and blood flow
- Improved dialysis function and outcomes
FAQ
1. Why do I need an AV fistulogram?
For patients receiving hemodialysis, a properly functioning dialysis access is essential. If your physician suspects a problem with your arteriovenous fistula or graft, an AV fistulogram may be recommended to evaluate blood flow and identify issues early.
Common signs that may indicate a problem with dialysis access include:
Weak, inconsistent, or absent bruit
Changes in fistula thrill, such as reduced vibration or pulse
Numbness, tingling, or cold sensation in the arm or hand
Prolonged bleeding lasting more than 15 minutes after dialysis
Swelling of the arm or hand
These symptoms are often early warning signs of access dysfunction. An AV fistulogram helps identify the cause and allows for timely treatment, often during the same procedure.